The Theory Of Sexual Liberation - 1644 Words

Contemporary British society claims to be sexually liberated, in that there is more open attitudes to diverse sexualities and certain sexual acts are no longer seen as taboo/perverse. It is seen that we are now free to choose and explore these sexualities. However monogamous heterosexual relationships are still seen as what is â€Å"normal† in society therefore if British society claims to be sexually liberated why is what is seen as traditional still the most common type of relationship? This theory of sexual liberation is favoured by Giddens (1992) who sees that in sexually liberated Britain relationships now exist solely on whatever rewards that said relationship has to offer. Commitment in these relationships is negotiated which has†¦show more content†¦Hence Giddens (1992) sees this process of sexual liberation as a move from sexual perversion to sexual pluralism. This has resulted in â€Å"plastic sexuality†. (p2) Consequently Giddens perceives a move from the romantic love of the 19th-20th century to â€Å"Confluent love† (p2) which is active and presumes equality. This is reflected in statistics as in 2012 it is estimated that 42% of marriages ended in divorce. (ONS 2013) This suggests a move to a more liberated society as divorce previously had stigma attached to it whereas now it is seen as a common practice. Similarly Beck and Beck-Gernsheim (1995) comprehend that this sexual liberation has brought an emergence of young people seekin g relationships based on emotional commitment rather than traditional relationships based on aspects such as practicality. Therefore it can be seen that sexual behaviour in British society is now based on personal choice rather than being socially prescribed. (Weeks 1995) This liberation can be seen in college students and the trend of constructing collegiate sexuality which is exempt from the rules of adult sexual behaviour. Wilkins and Dalessandro (2013) examined this trend of â€Å"monogamy lite.† Though it was seen that after graduating students were expected to fall into monogamous heterosexual relationships. As a result it can be argued that this sexual liberation is only available for certain periods of the life course and perhaps only for those

College Vs. High School - 885 Words

The transition from high school to college, while pleasurable and exhilarating, can withal be arduous, and daunting. A great milestone in one s life, is a step that a student will either adjust to, and fly or struggle with, and fall. There are many differences in college; certain kindred attributes, by which, one won t feel as if college is a whole alien world. The year a person is to face the kindred attributes and differences, the more prosperous they might be in the long run, because College and high school are different. High School never teaches students how to prepare properly, but the best wisdom and knowledge is learned on your own. High School and College are both scholastic grounds for a student to grow and enrich their lives with cognizance. People who inculcate erudition in students are none other than one s instructors. Both places are plenary of experiences and filled with numerous recollections. An individual graduates from High School and again in College with a degree. The regime runs them. Both play a consequential role in making a person into a amassed individual and a member of a society. High school students ken that there are distinctions between high school and college, but sometimes what they cerebrate is not how it is. High School can be considered as a continuation of elementary and middle school where one learns trigonometry, physics, American history, etc. By law, it is obligatory and to a certain extent, one is coerced to attend HighShow MoreRelatedCollege Vs. High School858 Words   |  4 PagesCollege Vs. High School Some may think that high school and college reading and writing are similar and that it’s just the next level up but it s not, they differentiate in many ways. College reading and writing is more than that, it’s a completely different world when compared to high school. It’s much more advanced and complexed. Some ideas that can be compared are the way we annotate, understand text, assignment topics, the depth of research, and so on. This is important to understanding howRead MoreHigh School Vs. College873 Words   |  4 PagesHigh School Vs. College The transition from high school to college is not only an exciting challenge, but also a great milestone in one’s life. High school and college both share the common goal of expanding students’ knowledge; however, there are many differences between high school and college. They are similar in such ways that you still have to go to class, do class work, take test, and study hard. They differ because in college one is taking on an entire new load of responsibility and optionsRead MoreHigh School Vs. College1149 Words   |  5 PagesProfessor Grunow Writing 1010 October 26, 2015 High School vs. College Graduating from high school is what every student is looking forward to. However, going to college is a big accomplishment for all students. The first day of freshman high school and college feels the same, the excitement and pressured. As many students experienced, both high school and college could be compared their similarities. First, both students in college and high school are expected to behave in well mannered, attendRead MoreCollege Vs. High School938 Words   |  4 PagesWelcome to college! Congratulations on making it this far! Now the time comes to ramp up the ante! No such program as stepping up to college exists as it does for for high school. Oh wait! It’s called high school. Move it or lose it now, your future rests on your shoulders. High school teachers just handed you your future based on the way you schooled, and college professors tell you to figure it out. College trips up hundreds of students a year, refrain from letting yourself become one ofRe ad MoreHigh School Vs. College1217 Words   |  5 PagesHigh School vs. College In the America, children begin school around the age of six. Once a student enters elementary school, most stay there for five to six years before they go on to secondary school, which involves middle school and high school. After graduating high school some students go on to pursue a â€Å"higher education† through college, but any further schooling after high school is no longer mandatory. In the professional world it is becoming harder and harder for high school students toRead MoreHigh School Vs. College923 Words   |  4 PagesEng. 110-48 31 August 2015 High School Vs. College High school and college are both higher education institutions that enlighten students; however, there are many differences between the two that make them both unique. In high school, the goal is to gain a broad understanding of numerous subjects so that when they arrive to college, they have an understanding of their interests, goals, dreams, and what it takes to pursue their potential career. High school works as a place for students toRead MoreHigh School Vs. College1236 Words   |  5 Pages201    High school vs. College Having a great education is the best legacy in life. It is a proven fact. This accomplishment requires moving on from high school, as well as from college. Moving from high school to college might be an energizing change, yet it is additionally an exceptionally troublesome one. It is a test that the understudy will battle with and in the end change in accordance with after some time. Despite the fact that there are numerous contrasts between high school and college, oneRead MoreHigh School Vs. College965 Words   |  4 PagesHigh School vs. College In the American schooling system, children begin primary school around the age of six, this is called elementary school and most students stay there for five to six years before they go on to secondary school which involves middle school and high school. After graduating high school some students may go on to â€Å"higher education† known as college, but any schooling done after high school is no longer mandatory. In high school there is a certain structure that has to beRead MoreHigh School Vs. College853 Words   |  4 Pagesdifference between high school and college from having bells to a no dress policy. For high school students, they are obligated to go, and if they don’t attend then the government comes into play. As for college, it s a choice to go back to school. Students in college have variety of classes to choose from and freedom,etc. This could be freedom from parents or just doing whatever you want without parents barking at you, because you are now an adult. Even though I have been in college for only a semesterRead MoreHigh School Vs. College1294 Words   |  6 PagesHigh School Versus College Schools are undoubtedly important to one’s education. The most important of those schools are high schools and colleges because they have the most impact on deciding what occupation a student wants to pursue. Although high schools and colleges share similarities in providing education, there are also many differences between each other. In both high schools and colleges there are teachers that educate students on certain subjects. Those subjects can range from mathematics

The Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance and Octopus Card System  Free Essays

The Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance and Octopus Card System  Ã‚   Lam Ka Chun 3035069794 The University of Hong Kong CCST9029 Cyberspace Crime: Technology and Ethics Dr. K. P. We will write a custom essay sample on The Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance and Octopus Card System  Ã‚   or any similar topic only for you Order Now Chow Ms. Chan Vivien Pui Shan Abstract This article is about the leakage of data of the Octopus card company. In 2010 , Octopus sold the information of their clients to 6 companies for promotion and made a profit of 44 million Hong Kong dollars over 4. 5 years . In view of the case of Octopus case, this article will go through three part to study it : technical aspect, ethical aspect and legal aspect. It will also suggest feasible suggestions. The dis-honest company led a leakage of personal data: Octopus Card Company Introduction of Octopus card company According to the statistics, 95% of those between the ages of 16 and 65 have an Octopus and Octopus processes over 12 million transactions a day. The card is accepted by more than 100 transportation service providers and 160 retailers, including 7-Eleven, Starbucks, and Park Shop. It can also be used at pay phones, photo booths, and parking garages. This reveals that the octopus is commonly and widely used. Also implied that the leakage of personal data influences a lot of people. Technical Issue In terms of technical Issue, Octopus card is a rechargeable contactless stored value smart card used widely in transportation and retail business. How can it transfer the money without contact? It is because it used the technique of Radio  Frequency  Identification (RFID). We will go into deeper of the RFID. RFID is the use of a wireless non-contact system that uses radio-frequency electromagnetic fields to transfer data from a tag attached to an object, for the purposes of automatic identification and tracking. The Octopus card requires no battery and are powered and read at short ranges via magnetic fields (electromagnetic induction). The tag contains electronically stored information which can be read from up to several meters (yards) away. Unlike a bar code, the tag does not need to be within line of sight of the reader and may be embedded in the tracked object. RFID tags are also used in many industries. An RFID tag attached to an automobile during production can be used to track its progress through the assembly line. Pharmaceuticals can be tracked through warehouses. Livestock and pets may have tags injected, allowing positive identification of the animal. Ethical Issue In terms of the ethical issue, there are a few points we would like to discuss. Firstly it is whether there is too much personal information required in the client agreement. The Octopus Company was questioned about if the personal information required on the client agreement was too much. The complainer claimed that the necessary information required by the scheme is actually just name and Octopus card number. Also, the client agreement was not user-friendly, because the text was too small, almost unreadable and the whole statement is too long and clumsy. But on the other hand, nowadays Hong Kong citizen are easily give out their information without knowing how the information will be used. The awareness of protection their personal data is too weak. It’s always customers’ duty to read the whole statement no matter how not user-friendly it is because it should be themselves to protect their own privacy. Legal Issue The Octopus Card Company has actually sued the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance. The company collected excessive personal data for the purpose of customer authentication and it failed to take all reasonably practicable steps to ensure that the applicants were explicitly informed of the classes of persons to whom the data may be transferred. Also, the company shared member’s personal data with third parties for monetary gains without their consent. The provision of data for monetary gain was not expressly stated in the Terms and Condition. This incident has actually highlighted the inadequacies of the present Ordinance as public expectation in data privacy raises, especially those in conjunction with business activities. Therefore, the government has amended the ordinance in 2012 to protect data users’ right. Six data protection principles: Principle 1 – purpose and manner of collection of personal data Principle 2 – accuracy and duration of retention of personal data Principle 3 – use of personal data Principle 4 – security of personal data Principle 5 – information to be generally available Principle 6 – access to personal data DPP1 and DPP3 are violated. Since the octopus company sold the data of their clients, the purpose of collection of personal data is different from what the pubic thought about. Also, there is no direct related to octopus system when the data is used. Therefore, use of personal data is also violated. Suggestion There are four suggestions which can help protecting personal data. First and foremost, due to the little attention to protect their own information of the citizen, the government should educate the citizen to build up the idea of protecting personal data. Second, improvements can be made in the security and privacy systems of companies to ensure low unintended data leakage. Third, government should make the rule stricter and clearer in order not to let the companies escape the law. Forth, set up a department to investigate among the all the companies to check whether there is similar issue happened. In conclusion, it is a fact that once our personal data has been leaked, it is not possible to stop the spreading of the data. It is both, companies, government and citizens’ responsibilities to protect our personal data. Reference Websites: http://healthymethod. blogspot. hk/2011/06/octopus-card-scandal. html http://www. cdeclips. com/en/hongkong/fullstory. html? id=49560 http://www. octopus. com. k/octopus-for-businesses/benefits-for-your-business/en/index. html A video of RFID http://www. explania. com/en/channels/technology/detail/what-is-rfid PDPOhttp://www. legislation. gov. hk/blis_pdf. nsf/6799165D2FEE3FA94825755E0033E532/B4DF8B4125C4214D482575EF000EC5FF/$FILE/CAP_486_e_b5. pdf Newspapers: The Standard, ‘Legco probe alert in Octopus data row’ 2/8/2010 The Standard, ‘Octopus chief tight-lipped as public says time to go’ 4/8/20 10 Articles: Richard MacManus (2 September 2009). â€Å"Hong Kong’s Octopus Card: Utility Outweighs Privacy Concerns†. How to cite The Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance and Octopus Card System  Ã‚  , Papers